Cattle on Feed
ISSN: 1948-9080
Released August 18, 2023, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service
(NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA).
United States Cattle on Feed Down 2 Percent
Cattle and calves on feed for the slaughter market in the United States for
feedlots with capacity of 1,000 or more head totaled 11.0 million head on
August 1, 2023. The inventory was 2 percent below August 1, 2022.
Placements in feedlots during July totaled 1.62 million head, 8 percent below
2022. Net placements were 1.55 million head. During July, placements of
cattle and calves weighing less than 600 pounds were 365,000 head,
600-699 pounds were 250,000 head, 700-799 pounds were 370,000 head,
800-899 pounds were 373,000 head, 900-999 pounds were 185,000 head, and
1,000 pounds and greater were 75,000 head.
Marketings of fed cattle during July totaled 1.73 million head, 5 percent
below 2022.
Other disappearance totaled 65,000 head during July, 16 percent above 2022.
Cattle on Feed Inventory, Placements, Marketings, and Other Disappearance on
1,000+ Capacity Feedlots - United States: August 1, 2022 and 2023
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : Percent of
Item : 2022 : 2023 :previous year
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ---- 1,000 head ---- percent
:
On feed July 1 .........................: 11,405 11,204 98
Placed on feed during July .............: 1,764 1,618 92
Fed cattle marketed during July ........: 1,824 1,727 95
Other disappearance during July ........: 56 65 116
On feed August 1 .......................: 11,289 11,030 98
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cattle on Feed Inventory, Placements, Marketings, and Other Disappearance on
1,000+ Capacity Feedlots - United States: July 1, 2022 and 2023
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : Percent of
Item : 2022 : 2023 :previous year
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ---- 1,000 head ---- percent
:
On feed June 1 .........................: 11,901 11,552 97
Placed on feed during June .............: 1,634 1,678 103
Fed cattle marketed during June ........: 2,061 1,957 95
Other disappearance during June ........: 69 69 100
On feed July 1 .........................: 11,405 11,204 98
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cattle on Feed Inventory on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Month - States and United States:
2022 and 2023
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : August 1, 2023
: : :--------------------------------------------
State : August 1, 2022 : July 1, 2023 : : Percent of : Percent of
: : : Inventory :previous year :previous month
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: --------------- 1,000 head -------------- ----- percent ----
:
Arizona ..........: 279 249 245 88 98
California .......: 545 540 525 96 97
Colorado .........: 1,040 990 980 94 99
Idaho ............: 275 295 280 102 95
Iowa .............: 610 630 620 102 98
Kansas ...........: 2,340 2,400 2,350 100 98
Minnesota ........: 85 100 95 112 95
Nebraska .........: 2,320 2,330 2,280 98 98
Oklahoma .........: 275 250 255 93 102
South Dakota .....: 165 180 170 103 94
Texas ............: 2,850 2,720 2,720 95 100
Washington .......: 235 240 235 100 98
:
Other States .....: 270 280 275 102 98
:
United States ....: 11,289 11,204 11,030 98 98
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cattle Placed on Feed on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Month - States and United States:
2022 and 2023
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : During July 2023
: During : During :--------------------------------------------
State : July 2022 : June 2023 : : Percent of : Percent of
: : : Placements :previous year :previous month
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ------------ 1,000 head ----------- ----- percent ----
:
Arizona ..........: 22 25 21 95 84
California .......: 50 67 44 88 66
Colorado .........: 155 135 115 74 85
Idaho ............: 31 33 33 106 100
Iowa .............: 58 60 51 88 85
Kansas ...........: 445 400 410 92 103
Minnesota ........: 10 13 9 90 69
Nebraska .........: 450 425 430 96 101
Oklahoma .........: 48 57 38 79 67
South Dakota .....: 26 22 21 81 95
Texas ............: 395 370 375 95 101
Washington .......: 30 36 33 110 92
:
Other States .....: 44 35 38 86 109
:
United States ....: 1,764 1,678 1,618 92 96
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cattle Placed on Feed by Weight Group on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots and Month - States and United States: 2022 and 2023
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: During July 2022
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State :Under 600 lbs : 600-699 lbs : 700-799 lbs : 800-899 lbs : 900+ lbs 1/ : 900-999 lbs : 1,000+ lbs : Total
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head
:
Colorado ......: 30 30 35 35 25 (D) (D) 155
Kansas ........: 60 80 140 110 55 (D) (D) 445
Nebraska ......: 35 50 100 150 115 (D) (D) 450
Texas .........: 185 85 70 40 15 (D) (D) 395
:
Other States ..: 90 35 60 74 60 (D) (D) 319
:
United States .: 400 280 405 409 (X) 195 75 1,764
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: During June 2023
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State :Under 600 lbs : 600-699 lbs : 700-799 lbs : 800-899 lbs : 900+ lbs 1/ : 900-999 lbs : 1,000+ lbs : Total
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head
:
Colorado ......: 30 25 30 30 20 (D) (D) 135
Kansas ........: 65 75 120 90 50 (D) (D) 400
Nebraska ......: 35 50 95 125 120 (D) (D) 425
Texas .........: 155 75 75 45 20 (D) (D) 370
:
Other States ..: 105 50 60 78 55 (D) (D) 348
:
United States .: 390 275 380 368 (X) 185 80 1,678
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: During July 2023
:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
State :Under 600 lbs : 600-699 lbs : 700-799 lbs : 800-899 lbs : 900+ lbs 1/ : 900-999 lbs : 1,000+ lbs : Total
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head 1,000 head
:
Colorado ......: 25 20 25 25 20 (D) (D) 115
Kansas ........: 55 70 125 105 55 (D) (D) 410
Nebraska ......: 35 50 95 135 115 (D) (D) 430
Texas .........: 170 80 70 40 15 (D) (D) 375
:
Other States ..: 80 30 55 68 55 (D) (D) 288
:
United States .: 365 250 370 373 (X) 185 75 1,618
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations.
(X) Not applicable.
1/ The 900 pounds and greater weight group is the sum of 900-999 pounds and 1,000 pounds and greater weight groups.
Cattle Marketed on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Month - States and United States:
2022 and 2023
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : During July 2023
: During : During :--------------------------------------------
State : July 2022 : June 2023 : : Percent of : Percent of
: : : Marketings :previous year :previous month
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ------------ 1,000 head ----------- ----- percent ----
:
Arizona ..........: 22 27 24 109 89
California .......: 59 64 51 86 80
Colorado .........: 170 140 120 71 86
Idaho ............: 35 42 46 131 110
Iowa .............: 56 58 59 105 102
Kansas ...........: 445 460 450 101 98
Minnesota ........: 14 12 13 93 108
Nebraska .........: 490 525 465 95 89
Oklahoma .........: 42 56 32 76 57
South Dakota .....: 30 40 29 97 73
Texas ............: 390 445 360 92 81
Washington .......: 29 40 37 128 93
:
Other States .....: 42 48 41 98 85
:
United States ....: 1,824 1,957 1,727 95 88
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cattle Other Disappearance on 1,000+ Capacity Feedlots by Month - States and United States:
2022 and 2023
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: : : During July 2023
: During : During :--------------------------------------------
State : July 2022 : June 2023 : Other : Percent of : Percent of
: : :disappearance :previous year :previous month
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: ---------- 1,000 head ---------- ----- percent ----
:
Arizona ..........: 1 1 1 100 100
California .......: 6 8 8 133 100
Colorado .........: 5 5 5 100 100
Idaho ............: 1 1 2 200 200
Iowa .............: 2 2 2 100 100
Kansas ...........: 10 10 10 100 100
Minnesota ........: 1 1 1 100 100
Nebraska .........: 10 20 15 150 75
Oklahoma .........: 1 1 1 100 100
South Dakota .....: 1 2 2 200 100
Texas ............: 15 15 15 100 100
Washington .......: 1 1 1 100 100
:
Other States .....: 2 2 2 100 100
:
United States ....: 56 69 65 116 94
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Terms and Definitions of Cattle on Feed Estimates
Cattle on feed are steers and heifers being fed a ration of grain, silage,
hay and/or protein supplement for slaughter market that are expected to
produce a carcass that will grade select or better. It excludes cattle being
"backgrounded only" for later sale as feeders or later placement in another
feedlot.
Placements are steers and heifers put into a feedlot, fed a ration which will
produce a carcass that will grade select or better, and are intended for the
slaughter market.
Marketings are steers and heifers shipped out of feedlots to a slaughter
market.
Other disappearance includes death loss, movement from feedlots to pasture,
and shipments to other feedlots for further feeding.
Statistical Methodology
Survey Procedures: During January and July all known feedlots in the United
States with capacity of 1,000 or more head are surveyed to provide data for
cattle on feed estimates. During the other months, all known feedlots from 16
States are surveyed. The 16 States account for approximately 98 percent of
the cattle on feed in feedlots with capacity of 1,000 or more head.
Individual State estimates are published monthly for 12 of the 16 States.
Data collected from the remaining 4 States are used to establish the "Other
States" estimates. These 4 States include Illinois, New Mexico, Oregon, and
Wyoming. The "Other States" category represents all cattle on feed with a
capacity of 1,000 or more head for the rest of the United States.
Estimating Procedures: These cattle on feed estimates were prepared by the
Agricultural Statistics Board after reviewing recommendations and analysis
submitted by Regional Field Offices. Regional and State survey data were
reviewed for reasonableness with each other and with estimates from the
previous month when establishing the current estimates.
Revision Policy: Revisions to previous estimates are made to improve month to
month relationships. Estimates for the previous month are subject to revision
in all States each month when current estimates are made. In February, all
monthly estimates for the previous year, and the number of feedlots and
annual marketings from two years ago are reviewed and subject to revisions.
The reviews are primarily based on slaughter data, state check-off or brand
data, and any other data that may have been received after the original
estimate was made. Estimates will also be reviewed after data from the Census
of Agriculture are available. No revisions will be made after that date and
estimates become final.
Reliability: Since all 1,000+ capacity cattle on feed operators in every
State are not included in the monthly survey, survey estimates are subject to
sampling variability. Survey results are also subject to non-sampling errors
such as omissions, duplications, and mistakes in reporting, recording, and
processing the data. The effects of these errors cannot be measured directly.
They are minimized through rigid quality controls in the data collection
process and through a careful review of all reported data for consistency and
reasonableness.
To assist users in evaluating the reliability of estimates in this report,
the "Root Mean Square Error" is shown for selected items in the table on the
following page. The "Root Mean Square Error" is a statistical measure based
on past performance and is computed using the differences between first and
latest estimates. The "Root Mean Square Error" for cattle on feed inventory
estimates over the past 24 months is 0.3 percent. This means that chances are
2 out of 3 that the final estimate will not be above or below the current
estimate of 11.0 million head by more than 0.3 percent. Chances are 9 out of
10 that the difference will not exceed 0.5 percent.
The table on the following page shows a 24-month record of the range of
differences between first and latest estimates for selected items. Using
estimates of number on feed as an example, changes between the first estimate
and the latest estimate during the past 24 months have averaged 21,000 head,
ranging from 0 to 65,000 head. During this period the initial estimate has
been above the latest estimate 0 times and has been below the latest estimate
14 times. This does not imply that the initial estimate is likely to
understate or overstate final inventory.
Reliability of Monthly Cattle on Feed Estimates
[Based on data for the past 24 months]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: Root mean : 90 percent : Difference between first and latest estimate
: square error : confidence : : : : :
: : level :-------------------------------------------------------------
Item : : : : : : Months
: : : : : :-------------------------------
: : : Average :Smallest : Largest : Below latest : Above latest
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
: percent percent -------- 1,000 ------- ----- number -----
:
On feed ......................: 0.3 0.5 21 0 65 14 0
:
Placements ...................: 0.5 0.9 6 0 23 9 9
:
Marketings ...................: 0.1 0.1 1 0 4 3 7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Information Contacts
Listed below are the commodity specialists in the Livestock Branch of the National Agricultural Statistics
Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to nass@usda.gov.
Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch ....................................................... (202) 692-0069
Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section ......................................................... (202) 690-2424
Sherry Bertramsen - Livestock Slaughter .................................................... (202) 690-8632
Ryan Cowen - Cattle, Cattle on Feed ........................................................ (202) 720-3040
Kim DaPra - Milk Production and Milk Cows .................................................. (512) 501-3266
Donnie Fike - Dairy Products ............................................................... (202) 690-3347
Anthony Fischer - Hogs and Pigs ............................................................ (202) 720-3106
Suzanne Richards - Sheep and Goats ......................................................... (202) 720-4448
Access to NASS Reports
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program.intake@usda.gov.Cattle on Feed
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